Journal: Toxics

Article Title: Adverse Responses following Exposure to Subtoxic Concentrations of Zinc Oxide and Nickle Oxide Nanoparticles in the Raw 264.7 Cells

doi: 10.3390/toxics11080674

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular functional capacity following exposure to subtoxic concentrations of nanoparticles. Cell functional capacity was evaluated following exposure to nanoparticles at subtoxic levels. Cells were exposed to ZnONPs (red bars) or NiONPs (grey bars) at 6.25 µg/mL for 24 h in serum-free cell culture media and then were exposed to LPS (1 µg/mL) for 2 h after which ( A ) TNFα or ( B ) IL-6 inflammatory gene expression was measured by qPCR. ( C ) Cell phagocytic capacity was evaluated based on cellular uptake of latex beads coated with fluorophore-labeled rabbit IgG (the left panel shows the quantification of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the FITC-labeled beads and the right panel shows a representative histogram). Experiments were independently repeated at least three times ( n ≥ 3), and statistical significance indicates the difference between treatment groups (black bars) with p -values equal to or smaller than 0.05 (* p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001; **** p ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Real-time PCR was performed using MedChemExpress SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (Low ROX) (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), and primers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IO, USA).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Cell Culture, Gene Expression, Labeling, Fluorescence